The author of four volumes of verse, Peter Balakian writes with the precision of a poet and the lyricism of a privileged suburban child in 1950s New Jersey. He is shadowed by his relatives' carefully guarded memories of past trauma: the brutal Turkish extermination in 1915 of more than a million Armenians, including most of his maternal grandmother's family. Balakian seamlessly interweaves personal and historical material to depict one young man's reclamation of his heritage and to scathingly indict the political forces that conspired to sweep under the rug the 20th century's first genocide.


From School Library Journal
A poetic reminiscence of growing up in the '60s takes a sharp turn as the author discovers and explores his family's painful memories of the Armenian genocide in the early years of this century. Copyright 1997 Reed Business Information, Inc.


From Library Journal
In this remarkable memoir, teacher and poet Balakian (Colgate Univ.; Dyer's Thistle, LJ 2/1/96) recounts his experiences growing up in suburban New Jersey amid a family of 1915 Armenian genocide survivors. The tensions of the old-world ways vs. the new causes more than the usual teenage angst for Balakian. He tells of family gatherings, replete with the delicious smells and tastes of native dishes and with heated discussions of literature and the problems of suburban America?but not of his relatives' past in Armenia. He gradually breaks through this silence, however, and learns the horror of their treatment at the hands of the Turks, a revelation that has profoundly influenced his life and poetry. Balakian writes with power and poignancy, confronting his past with justified outrage and transforming that outrage into art. An exceptional work; strongly recommended for all libraries.?Nancy R. Ives, SUNY at GeneseoCopyright 1997 Reed Business Information, Inc.


The New York Times Book Review, Lore Dickstein
Written in sorrow and anger, and with great sensitivity, Black Dog of Fate is at once a family memoir, a history of the extermination of Armenians in Turkey and the story of a young man's passage into adulthood and his sudden awareness of his ethnicity.


From Kirkus Reviews
An essential American story of the author's upbringing as the child of Armenian immigrants--and of his gradual discovery of an entire culture's genocide at the hands of the Ottoman Turks in 1915. For poet Balakian (English/Colgate Univ.; Dyer's Thistle, etc.), a Tenafly, New Jersey, childhood circa 1960 revolved around food-centered rituals with relatives, some vividly characterized here, including his grandmother, Nafina Aroosian. While together they baked a sweet bread called choereg, she told him odd, parable- like stories, including one involving the black dog of the book's title. Similarly puzzling were his family's occasional references to the ``old country.'' As a student and young poet the author began to glean bits of this past, but his education in Armenia's sad history didn't really begin until after college, when, in a watershed moment, he picked up the memoir of the US ambassador to Turkey on the eve of the Great War. That text is extensively quoted to re-create Balakian's experience of reading, in rushing, energetic blasts, this difficult-to-fathom saga of persecution, brutality, and murder. Revelation of his own family's experience of the genocide came next. In dreamlike, novelistic prose, Balakian tells of his relative Dovey's suffering on the forced ``deportation march'' from her Anatolian homeland. The author encounters a ``Bishop Balakian's'' memoir of the atrocities, which he describes as ``like reading a skeleton,'' the words ``like pieces of bone.'' This and the other excerpted primary sources through which the dead speak provide dramatic perspective, authenticating the nightmare. In light of what Balakian calls the Turkish authorities' ``paper trail of denial extend[ing] to the present,'' he insists that commemoration is an essential process for survivors; and he comes to understand his family's numbed response as a necessary coping mechanism. A rare work of seasoned introspection, haunting beauty, and high moral seriousness. Includes a chilling genealogy of Balakian's parents' families. -- Copyright ©1997, Kirkus Associates, LP. All rights reserved.


Book Description
The first-born son of his generation, Peter Balakian grew up in a close, extended family, sheltered by 1950s and '60s New Jersey suburbia and immersed in an all-American boyhood defined by rock 'n' roll, adolescent pranks, and a passion for the New York Yankees that he shared with his beloved grandmother. But beneath this sunny world lay the dark specter of the trauma his family and ancestors had experienced--the Turkish government's extermination of more than a million Armenians in 1915, including many of Balakian's relatives, in the century's first genocide.In elegant, moving prose, Black Dog of Fate charts Balakian's growth and personal awakening to the facts of his family's history and the horrifying aftermath of the Turkish government's continued campaign to cover up one of the worst crimes ever committed against humanity. In unearthing the secrets of a family's past and how they affect its present, Black Dog of Fate gives fresh meaning to the story of what it means to be an American.


From the Publisher
One of the Los Angeles Times "Best Books of 1997""All the best memoirs belong to the literature of quest....Peter Balakian's Black Dog of Fate is such a book."
--Houston Chronicle"Written with great sensitivity, Black Dog of Fate is at once a family memoir, a history of the extermination of the Armenians in Turkey, and the story of a young man's passage into adulthood....A fascinating and affecting memoir."
--New York Times Book Review"A landmark chapter in the literature of witness. . . . Out of silence he has crafted something new."
--Philadelphia Inquirer Book Review


From the Inside Flap
The first-born son of his generation, Peter Balakian grew up in a close, extended family, sheltered by 1950s and '60s New Jersey suburbia and immersed in an all-American boyhood defined by rock 'n' roll, adolescent pranks, and a passion for the New York Yankees that he shared with his beloved grandmother. But beneath this sunny world lay the dark specter of the trauma his family and ancestors had experienced--the Turkish government's extermination of more than a million Armenians in 1915, including many of Balakian's relatives, in the century's first genocide.

In elegant, moving prose, Black Dog of Fate charts Balakian's growth and personal awakening to the facts of his family's history and the horrifying aftermath of the Turkish government's continued campaign to cover up one of the worst crimes ever committed against humanity. In unearthing the secrets of a family's past and how they affect its present, Black Dog of Fate gives fresh meaning to the story of what it means to be an American.


About the Author
Peter Balakian is professor of English at Colgate University and the author of four books of poems, most recently Dyer's Thistle. He lives in Hamilton, New York.


Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.
An Armenian Jew in Suburbia

We always lingered over dinner after church on Sunday afternoon.  In summer we dined on the brick patio in the backyard under the shade of the maple.  A plastic tablecloth over the picnic table.  The smell of charred lamb.  A silver serving dish with some leftover shish kebab and seared vegetables for those whose appetite might reemerge after a while of talking.  The pink-and-white azaleas and the little lavender bouquets of rhododendron petals lushly hemming us in.  Sunday was family day.  On Sunday we seemed more Armenian.  Some assortment of relatives--my grandmother, aunts, cousins, uncles-always would be there.

On Sundays I felt like I watched my family as if I were watching a play.  My mother passes a tray of bereks, triangles of filo filled with sharp cheese and parsley, and Auntie Gladys passes a large bowl of ice in which float black olives and radishes cut into rose shapes.  Everyone sits on lawn chairs and chaise lounges.  A moment later, my mother opens the sliding glass door carrying a tray of highball glasses filled with tahn, a drink of yogurt and water poured over ice and mint leaves.  In a white silk blouse and a dark skirt with an apron tied around her waist, my mother is formal and informal, at once decorous and casually suburban, with dark wavy hair cut short against her fair, freckled skin.  She is never sitting down but poking and prodding at the food, passing around plates and silverware, and delegating small responsibilities to everyone to make sure we are all within earshot of her voice.  At the grill built into the side of the brick chimney my father is fanning the coals, and in the kitchen my mother is seeing the lamb through its last stages.

Since Saturday night the shish kebab has been marinating in a large terra-cotta bowl with slices of onion, coriander, paprika, some crude olive oil, some red wine.  As the oil soaks into the paprika, making a rosy hue on the lamb and the pearly crescents of onions and flecks of black pepper and allspice, the whole bowl glistens.  Cubed and trimmed of fat, spring lamb is soft and a deep brick color as you glide it up the skewer with chunks of green pepper, Spanish onions, and Jersey Beefsteak tomatoes before it goes over the white coals.

When the vegetables are charred and the lamb slides off the skewers, my father fills the large silver bowl.  In a blue-and-white painted dish is a pyramid of pilaf decorated with dried fruits and nuts; there is a basket of bakery rolls and small glass dishes piled with pickled vegetables called tourshi. I sit with my hands on my cheeks, scowling and hungry.  The only thing that pleases me is the food--its wonderful colors and many fragrances.  From around the block I can hear cap guns and my friends playing ball and tag.  All want is to eat in a simple five minutes and get the hell out of this extended ring of adults, but the very idea is impossible because this is an immovable feast, an unquestioned reality of our Balakian Sunday ritual.  And I might as well have tar on my butt because I'm stuck here for the day.  After the tahn and bereks and shish kebab, there will be paklava or kadayif, some melon and grapes and a soft hunk of fresh white cheese, and finally, some cardamom sweet coffee in small porcelain cups; and for the venturesome members of the family, a sip of French cognac.

If Auntie Anna was with us (as she often was), she would proclaim, not too long after tahn was served, that suburbia would be the ruin of America, and she was not subtle about letting us know that it would be the ruin of us, too.  My aunt Anna Balakian was my father's oldest sister, and although she was married, she used her maiden name professionally, which was unusual for a woman in the 1950s.  She was a professor at NYU and her books on French poetry bore the name Balakian on the book jacket

Auntie Anna spoke with such opinionated emotion that she could cast fallout on the conviviality of the moment "The whole idea of su-burr-bi-aa is wrong"--she liked to linger on a vowel so that the depth of her opinion was inseparable from each word.  "This is how the bourgeoisie will triumph," she said, as my mother grew indignant.  "There's more community and goodwill here than anywhere in America, Anna, or anywhere in the world, for that matter," she glowered back.  "You're lost here," Auntie Anna said, and made it clear that we had sold our souls to a barbarous society that didn't know the difference between Monet and Donald Duck, Mallarme and Michener.  We would become just like everybody else--a thin slice of yellow plastic cheese in the long, soft loaf of Velveeta that was America.  Before my mother could erupt, my father interrupted with some comment about how well the kebabs had come out, and members of each side of the family tried to disentangle the two women by urging them to get the dishes and platters and bowls of food around the table.  "Peter needs some more 7-Up," my grandmother said loudly to my mother, "come on, hurry up, hurry up."

I remember a lot of conversation in the family about the suburbs in those days, especially in 1960, after we had moved to Tenafly.  A book called The Split-Level Trap had come out that year written by Dick Gordon, a psychiatrist, and his wife, Kitty, who lived a few blocks away and were friends of my parents.  The Split-Level Trap, which bore the dedication "To the people of Bergen County, New Jersey," was an insider's guide to the moral decay of suburban life--divorce, alcoholism, adultery, juvenile delinquency--and it prophesied doom.  Because my parents knew that the Gordons' field work had been done in Tenafly and other neighboring towns I began to wonder, as I listened to my aunt and mother fight it out, why my parents settled here.  My aunt's rants against the suburbs were unsettling.  I would watch my mother bristle with anger at Auntie Anna, and my aunt staring with fierce disapproval at my father, seeming to me to say, Why did you marry her and come to these suburbs?

Almost every part of Bergen County was an easy commute to Manhattan, but not every part was new suburbia.  Our first house was a two-story brick and clapboard built in the thirties.  It straddled the sloped corner of West Englewood Avenue and Dickerson Road in Teaneck.  Our part of Teaneck was mostly brick and clapboard or stucco and plank, Tudor revival, dating from the decades between the wars when Teaneck had become a fashionable suburb.  In 1953 my father set an iron lamppost into the front lawn and hung a sign announcing his medical practice.

The lawns of Teaneck were well manicured, thick and green and edged with privet, forsythia, or hydrangea.  My father and our neighbors compulsively yanked and dug and pulled and poisoned weeds out of the cracks between the large concrete blocks that made up the sidewalks.  In the driveways of Dickerson Road were Fords and Chevys, some Buicks and Oldsmobiles.  I remember Mr. Goldfischer's Caddy, a white '56 with chrome that shined like the bullet noses of the rockets I gazed at in LIFE magazine.  Every morning I stared out my bedroom window at the driveways separated by a strip of grass and at the Goldfischer Cadillac, which dwarfed the gray '54 Olds my father and mother shared, the seats of which gave off the sour residue of regurgitated milk and infant formula and "a faint uriniferous odor," as my father called it.

Dickerson Road was Jewish, and our neighbors were Blumenthal, Cohen, Berg, Berkowitz, Goldfischer, Oshinski, and Liebowitz--Jews who had moved up from Union City or Brooklyn after World War II.  I spent half of my early childhood wanting to be Jewish, in Mark Blumenthal's finished basement with its paneled walls, fluorescent ceiling lights, and Ping-Pong table.  On that dank floor with its loose linoleum tiles we flipped baseball cards and sat in front of a small RCA television to watch the Yankees.  We played with toys made by Remco and Ideal.  A miniature Cape Canaveral, with rockets and missiles, launching pads, and beautifully drawn control panels, was our favorite.

Around four o'clock Mrs.  Blumenthal would call us to the kitchen for a rugulach or a cheese Danish and cream soda.  Sitting at the red linoleum counter with its chrome edging, I smelled the kitchen filling up with the richness of corned beef boiling in a big aluminum pot on the stove, where it seemed to float in a strange gray scum of fat and bay leaves.  I stared at the piled-high white bags from the bakery and the small brown ones from the A & P, oilstained paper bags of bagels, salt sticks, Danish.  I thought the jars of herring and sour cream were jars of marshmallow candy, until I asked for some one day and found myself forcing the slimy fish hunks down my throat.  I gazed at the mason jars of yellowish jelly full of gefilte fish and the almost patriotic stack of red, white, and blue boxes of matzoh on which Hebrew letters seemed to climb like spiders.  Once a week a Beverages By Hammer truck pulled up to Mark's house and a man in a white uniform disappeared into the Blumenthals' basement with a crate of twelve turquoise spritzer bottles and came out with a crate of empties.

On Saturday mornings I watched from our window with envy as my friends walked with their parents in procession, family by family, down Dickerson Road on their way to schul.  I wanted to join the men and boys in their black and white yarmulkes and their silk talliths.  A brocade of silver and gold thread on Mr. Blumenthal's yarmulke glittered in the sun.  The talliths were decorated with tassels called tzitzits, and Mark used to brag that Jews wore talliths so they could feel closer to God.  "Wrapped in a robe of light: Psalm 104," he quoted.  Talliths were like shawls and were adorned with gold and blue thread and tiny pearls sewn into the shapes of stars and boxes.  "Tzitzits are reminders of obedience to the Almighty." Mark sounded like a Talmudic scholar when he said things like this.

I longed to be walking solemnly and confidently with my friends as they moved toward the Beth Israel Temple.  I imagined the mystery of being in temple was more wonderful than anything our new, makeshift Armenian church could offer, set up on Sundays at the Teaneck Women's Club.  It was strange to be Armenian on Dickerson Road, because we seemed like we should be Jews.  We shared a similar feeling about family, a habit of being in the kitchen, a slower, more deliberate sense of time that was part of something I didn't understand at age seven.  Dark and scrawny, with my shaggy crew cut and slightly almond-shaped eyes, I even looked Jewish.

One Saturday as I was lounging in front of the TV in my red pajamas with gray plastic feet, after The Little Rascals and Sky King and Roy Rogers were over and the procession of families had disappeared down West Englewood Avenue, I turned down the sound of the television and asked my mother why we weren't Jewish.  The fact that it was December and the candles of the brass menorahs in all the living room windows of Dickerson Road were lit had goaded me on.  They were more alive to me than Christmas trees.

"Because we're Christians," she answered.

"Why are we Christians?"

"Our people decided to follow the teachings of Jesus." She paused.  "There's a legend that Noah's Ark landed on Mt. Ararat in Armenia.  That makes Jews and Armenians cousins."

"What's Mt. Ararat?"

My mother exhaled as if she wished I would go away.  "Mt. Ararat is one of the highest mountains in the world; it's snowcapped; it's our national symbol."

"The symbol of America?"

"No.  Of Armenia."

"Where's Armenia?"

As long as I had known language the word Armenia had existed; it was synonymous with the rooms of my house.  An assumption.  Ar.  Meen.  Ya.  Armenia. Like ma-ma, da-da. Like hurt and horse. Arm.  You.  Me.  Eat.   The word rolled to the back of my mouth and just as I almost swallowed it, I caught it back near the epiglottis and unrolled it, pushing it forward as my jaw dropped open to the Ya and the word spilled into the air.  Armenia.  It was such an unconscious part of my life that I had never even thought to ask: Where is it? What is it?

My mother exhaled again.  "It's in another country."

"Armenia's in another country?"

"No, Mt.  Ararat .  .  .  well, both.  Armenia and Mt. Ararat are in other countries.  But, we're American.  That's the main thing.  We're not like other Armenians.  They're too ethnic."

I was more confused now.  How could our national symbol be in another country, and if Armenia was where my grandparents had come from, why wasn't it its own country, and why wasn't Mt. Ararat there?  My mother went on explain that Mt. Ararat was in Turkey and Armenia was in the Soviet Union.  Then she looked at her watch and told me to change and brush my teeth and meet her in the car in two minutes for our trip to the A & P.

I stared at myself in the bathroom mirror.  If only we were Jewish, I thought, things would be better.  I would walk to schul in the morning with my parents, wear a yarmulke like Mark's.  There would be eight candles in December and Hebrew letters on boxes of matzoh.  I would light a candle each night, get a present each night.  My eyes looked back at me from the mirror, dark, deep brown, like my grandmother's eyes.  They were more Jewish than Mark's.  And I thought, Jesus, God, did it matter, really?  Like my mother said, we were American.  We didn't go to church bazaars or Armenian gatherings.  We didn't talk about Armenia.  I couldn't even speak the language.