From Publishers Weekly
British historian Wise's well-written first book explores the grisly underbelly of pre-Victorian London by examining the trial of three "body snatchers," John Bishop, James May and Thomas Williams, who were arrested in 1831 while attempting to sell the suspiciously fresh cadaver of a teenage boy to a medical college. Drawing on astonishingly detailed research, Wise places the crime in context by describing how a shadowy "resurrection" trade in exhumed bodies had grown up to meet the rising demand of the new science of anatomy. She explains how various Londoners, including several Italians, testified that a hat found at Bishop's home matched that of a recently vanished Italian boy peddler. Soon the new London police force was sleuthing its way to the bottom of a case that caused widespread alarm and a media circus in a city notorious for its numbers of missing persons. Wise energetically explicates every twist of the evidence with fascinating detours into the wider social context of newly vulnerable urban family life, punitive poor laws and fragmented philanthropy. Biographies of the trio of body snatchers demystify the Victorian criminal. Wise's deft prose contributes vastly to our understanding of pre-Victorian London's everyday street life, districts, trades, policing, prisons and press. Meanwhile, she skillfully manages the narrative, keeping her story gripping without sensationalizing it. Generously illustrated, this is a macabre yet historically serious work, invaluable to anyone interested in the truth of London's gory past. Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


From School Library Journal
Adult/High School–Making good use of scant information, Wise chronicles one of the most celebrated crimes of the 19th century, perpetrated by the dreaded "Resurrection Men." These were grave robbers engaged in the lucrative practice of providing London's medical schools with cadavers for dissection. As demand exceeded supply, some turned to homicide, especially since the freshest bodies brought the highest reward. By the end of the book, readers have gained knowledge of the controversial creation of Robert Peal's "bobbies," the primitive origins of crime-scene investigation, and the conduct of British jury trials of the period. The author describes the exponential growth of the city in the first third of the 19th century, the precarious economic situation of the lower population strata, and the poverty and filth that so appalled later Victorians and led them to take corrective action. She explains why Italian boys–and many other children–called the streets of London home and why the poor were perpetual crime victims. This engrossing and suspenseful blending of sociology, history, and true crime will appeal to both researchers and casual readers.–Dori DeSpain, Fairfax County Public Library, VA


From Booklist
At the time of the 1831 murder of the "Italian Boy," body snatchers would grab orphans on the streets of London and dispatch them. The so-called resurrection men would sell the bodies to medical colleges for students to dissect; the fresher the body, the higher the price. Wise has based the narrative of this particular case on the London Times' reports of the inquest, the committal proceedings, and the trial of three men charged in the boy's death. Other sources include newspapers and journals, books, reports of parliamentary select committees, police reports, and Old Bailey sessions. In chronicling the murder of the 14-year-old boy (who was thought to be Italian), Wise offers a picture of the squalor of London and its poor in the late 1820s and early 1830s. Some of the people were literate, many were not; all of them lived in what Wise calls "a giant cesspit in^B its sinuous streets and unlit warrens." The author, a brilliant historian and storyteller, has captured with unerring immediacy the history of London and its people in that era. George Cohen
Copyright © American Library Association. All rights reserved


Book Description

A thrilling history of England's great metropolis at a point of great change, told through the story of a young vagrant murdered by "resurrection men"

Before his murder in 1831, the "Italian boy" was one of thousands of orphans on the streets of London, moving among the livestock, hawkers, and con men, begging for pennies. When his body was sold to a London medical college, the suppliers were arrested for murder. Their high-profile trial would unveil London's furtive trade in human corpses carried out by body-snatchers-or "resurrection men"-who killed to satisfy the first rule of the cadaver market: the fresher the body, the higher the price.
Historian Sarah Wise reconstructs not only the boy's murder but the chaos and squalor of London that swallowed the fourteen-year-old vagrant long before his corpse appeared on the slab. In 1831, the city's poor were desperate and the wealthy were petrified, the population swelling so fast that old class borders could not possibly hold. All the while, early humanitarians were pushing legislation to protect the disenfranchised, the courts were establishing norms of punishment and execution, and doctors were pioneering the science of human anatomy.
As vivid and intricate as a novel by Charles Dickens, The Italian Boy restores to history the lives of the very poorest Londoners and offers an unparalleled account of the sights, sounds, and smells of a city at the brink of a major transformation.



About the Author
A historian of Victorian England, Sarah Wise has written for The Guardian, The Observer, The Independent on Sunday, and several magazines. The Italian Boy is her first book. She lives in London.



Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.
From The Italian Boy:

Urban poverty, so often a disgusting and harrowing sight to the respectable, could also be a source of wonder and intrigue. A beggar with a certain look, or air, or "act," could feed on city dwellers' craving for novelty and display. To London's grimmest streets, to a population with little access to books or periodicals, and no access to parks, zoos, galleries, or museums—Italian boys brought music, intriguing objects, and strange animals, plus, in many cases, their own beauty. The economies of the Italian states had been devastated by the Napoleonic Wars and throughout the 1820s there was large-scale migration, with many Italian artisans moving to northern European cities to pursue their trades. While later in the century Italian street children would be known for playing musical instruments and dancing, until the mid-1830s their principal source of income was exhibiting small animals as well as wax and plaster figures. The objects and creatures were rented out to the boys each morning by padroni who ran the trade. All in all, Italy was providing London with a better class of vagrant. The pathos an Italian boy evoked could earn his master six or seven shillings a day. Dead—and apparently murdered to supply the surgeons—his appeal only seemed to increase.

FROM THE PUBLISHER

"Before his murder in 1831, the Italian Boy was one of thousands of orphans on the streets of London, moving among the livestock, hawkers, and con men, begging for pennies. Once dead, his value increased: As a highly prized "Fresh Subject" bound for the anatomist's or surgeon's table, he was sold to a medical college by the men who killed him. Their high-profile arrest and trial would unveil London's furtive trade in human corpses, carried out by body-snatchers - or "resurrection men" - who robbed graves and even murdered to supply the lucrative market for cadavers. After all, a well-preserved body could fetch as much as nine guineas, the yearly salary of a working man." At once a historical thriller and a social history, The Italian Boy meticulously reconstructs the hour-by-hour activities of the body snatchers, investigates the mysterious identity of the anonymous boy, and traces the labyrinthine twists and turns of a case that would engage society from the wealthy to the most hopeless and helpless. In the process, historian Sarah Wise draws a picture of the chaos and squalor of the city that swallowed the fourteen-year-old vagrant: In 1831, London's poor were displaced and desperate; the wealthy were terrified, the population swelling so fast that old class borders could not possibly hold. All the while, early humanitarians were pushing legislation to protect the disenfranchised, the courts were establishing norms of punishment and execution, and doctors were pioneering the science of human anatomy.

FROM THE CRITICS

Louis Bayard - The Washington Post

To these sordid doings Wise brings a cool and unembarrassed eye. She refrains from moralizing or pressing her points too hard, and she is admirably forthright about the problems she faces, among them contradictory testimony and a porous historical record (much of it salvaged from contemporary newspaper accounts). A reader soon realizes that the Italian Boy trial provides just enough material to fill a Smithsonian magazine article. This means that Wise, like a harassed docent, must strap us in for lengthy (never boring) digressions on London life: phrenology, Tory politics, wife-selling, slaughterhouses, urban scams, the travails of the newly established Metropolitan Police.

Publishers Weekly

British historian Wise's well-written first book explores the grisly underbelly of pre-Victorian London by examining the trial of three "body snatchers," John Bishop, James May and Thomas Williams, who were arrested in 1831 while attempting to sell the suspiciously fresh cadaver of a teenage boy to a medical college. Drawing on astonishingly detailed research, Wise places the crime in context by describing how a shadowy "resurrection" trade in exhumed bodies had grown up to meet the rising demand of the new science of anatomy. She explains how various Londoners, including several Italians, testified that a hat found at Bishop's home matched that of a recently vanished Italian boy peddler. Soon the new London police force was sleuthing its way to the bottom of a case that caused widespread alarm and a media circus in a city notorious for its numbers of missing persons. Wise energetically explicates every twist of the evidence with fascinating detours into the wider social context of newly vulnerable urban family life, punitive poor laws and fragmented philanthropy. Biographies of the trio of body snatchers demystify the Victorian criminal. Wise's deft prose contributes vastly to our understanding of pre-Victorian London's everyday street life, districts, trades, policing, prisons and press. Meanwhile, she skillfully manages the narrative, keeping her story gripping without sensationalizing it. Generously illustrated, this is a macabre yet historically serious work, invaluable to anyone interested in the truth of London's gory past. Agent, John Saddler, U.K. (June 1) Copyright 2004 Reed Business Information.

Library Journal

In her debut book, Wise, a journalist and historian of Victorian England, reconstructs the murder of one of the thousands of orphans on the streets of London in 1831. During that time of great change in this major city, a trade in human bodies existed; it was considered a "revolting but potentially lucrative" profession. A group of men called resurrectionists took bodies from graves and homes and sold them to medical colleges to be used in dissection. Anatomy teachers relied on authorities to ignore this illegal trafficking of corpses. It was soon revealed, however, that some resurrectionists would resort to killing paupers, receiving more pay for fresher bodies. Much of the book depicts the trial of three men accused of killing, or "burking," a poverty-stricken Italian boy living on the streets. The medical colleges, quietly complicit in the trade of bodies, responded to the murder by simply pushing for the passage of a bill making the bodies of deceased paupers legally available, thus ending the practice of burking. Victorian attitudes, morality, and the intricacies of the justice system are also covered in this unusual book. Recommended for larger public libraries with special collections in Victorian history.-Isabel Coates, CCRA-Toronto West Tax Office, Mississauga, Ont. Copyright 2004 Reed Business Information.

School Library Journal

Adult/High School-Making good use of scant information, Wise chronicles one of the most celebrated crimes of the 19th century, perpetrated by the dreaded "Resurrection Men." These were grave robbers engaged in the lucrative practice of providing London's medical schools with cadavers for dissection. As demand exceeded supply, some turned to homicide, especially since the freshest bodies brought the highest reward. By the end of the book, readers have gained knowledge of the controversial creation of Robert Peal's "bobbies," the primitive origins of crime-scene investigation, and the conduct of British jury trials of the period. The author describes the exponential growth of the city in the first third of the 19th century, the precarious economic situation of the lower population strata, and the poverty and filth that so appalled later Victorians and led them to take corrective action. She explains why Italian boys-and many other children-called the streets of London home and why the poor were perpetual crime victims. This engrossing and suspenseful blending of sociology, history, and true crime will appeal to both researchers and casual readers.-Dori DeSpain, Fairfax County Public Library, VA Copyright 2005 Reed Business Information.

Kirkus Reviews