"I am neither a theologian, nor a scholar learned in the history of religions, nor an anthropologist. Psychology is the only branch of learning in which I am particularly versed. To the psychologist the religious propensities of man must be at least as interesting as any other of the facts pertaining to his mental constitution. It would seem, therefore, as a psychologist, the natural thing for me would be to invite you to a descriptive survey of those religious propensities."

When William James went to the University of Edinburgh in 1901 to deliver a series of lectures on "natural religion," he defined religion as "the feelings, acts, and experiences of individual men in their solitude, so far as they apprehend themselves to stand in relation to whatever they may consider the divine." Considering religion, then, not as it is defined by--or takes place in--the churches, but as it is felt in everyday life, he undertook a project that, upon completion, stands not only as one of the most important texts on psychology ever written, not only as a vitally serious contemplation of spirituality, but for many critics one of the best works of nonfiction written in the 20th century. Reading The Varieties of Religious Experience, it is easy to see why. Applying his analytic clarity to religious accounts from a variety of sources, James elaborates a pluralistic framework in which "the divine can mean no single quality, it must mean a group of qualities, by being champions of which in alternation, different men may all find worthy missions." It's an intellectual call for serious religious tolerance--indeed, respect--the vitality of which has not diminished through the subsequent decades.


From AudioFile
A peaceful soul in concert with a healthy body advances joy, which is the purpose of life. That is William James's message, highly synthesized, of course. Sound like new age spiritualism? Lectures the psychologist delivered in 1901 and 1902 are the basis for this program; however, there are no titles or introductory remarks. While Eric Bauersfeld's articulate delivery conveys wisdom and scholarship, the highly abridged presentation simply does not do justice to the author's work. James's philosophical and psychological ideas are too complex to present on two cassettes. D.W.K. (c)AudioFile, Portland, Maine

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FROM THE PUBLISHER

Acclaimed as one of the greatest works of nonfiction published in the twentieth century, William James￯﾿ﾽs The Varieties of Religious Experience was revolutionary in its view of religious life as centered not within the Church but solely within ￯﾿ﾽthe feelings, acts, and experiences of individual men in their solitude.￯﾿ﾽ

Using the language of psychology, James tries to explain religious phenomena￯﾿ﾽsuch as conversion, repentance, mysticism, and saintliness—as psychic energy that arises from the unconscious mind in times of trouble. To support his theories, James turns to the autobiographical writings of a wide variety of mystics and writers, including Walt Whitman, Martin Luther, Voltaire, Emerson, and Tolstoy. The result is a colorful and wide-ranging collection of recorded experiences that James compares, categorizes, and analyzes. Many of his categories—including the sick soul, the divided self, and healthy-mindedness—have become standard in the study of religions.

Exquisitely written, The Varieties of Religious Experience has had a profound influence on modern spiritual thought, including the psychology of religion and recovery programs such as Alcoholics Anonymous.

Wayne Proudfoot is Professor of Religion at Columbia University, specializing in the philosophy of religion. He has published Religious Experience, as well as articles on William James, Charles Sanders Peirce, and American Protestant thought.