This volume deals with one of the most peculiar Jewish communities in the Diaspora, the Jews of Yemen. Their history began a long time before the advent in 622 AD of Islam. This book contains 16 studies, encompassing various aspects of Jewish existence in Yemen as a dhimmi (protected) religious minority under Islam: history, social and cultural relations with the Muslim environment, culture, literature and language, Yemenite Jewish traditions are highly esteemed in the modern spiritual and artistic life of the Jewish people both in the State of Israel and in the Diaspora.